Is Laravel suitable/mature enough for enterprise web applications?

Yeah,
It has been used for big apps in the past, so we already know its true.
Also I think Laravel is good for any app that PHP is good for. And its really up to you once youre passed the Controller, you have total freedom to do whatever you want to do.
And also I think Laravel is kind of uniquely qualified and better at making big apps than other PHP offerings right now, for a few reasons. One, because theres dependency, complexity, and Laravels Dependency Injection Container is really good. When youre talking about complex apps, youre also talking about background jobs processing, and Laravel has the only baked-in queue system out of any major framework in PHP. And then theres, of course, Event Broadcasting feature and others that are more on the big app side.
So not only can it be used for big apps, its uniquely better for big apps than other alternatives in PHP, for those reasons.

And I think its a little misleading because Laravel is easy to get started with. But at the same time it also scales up with your needs.